More String Methods in Python Programming Language

Mrthods and Description
String capitalize() Converts first character to Capital Letter Return type of this method is String and the method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument or parameter. str1="i am Indian" str2=str1.capitalize() str2 would be 'I am Indian' where str1 will remain the same ('i am Indian') For non alphabetic letter at the first position of the string, there will be no change. str1="# i am Indian" str2=str1.capitalize() str2 would be '# i am Indian'
String center() Pads string with specified character Return type of this method is String and the method is invoked using a string object and takes int value and character (optional) as arguments or parameters. This method returns the invoking string centered in width specified in first argument. Padding is done using the specified character passed as second argument, if any character is passed. Default filler character is a space. str = "Mera Bharat Mahan" print str.center(21, '#') The output would be  : "##Mera Bharat Mahan##" Again the statement print str.center(21) would produce the output "  Mera Bharat Mahan  "
String casefold() converts to casefolded strings Return type of this method is string and the method is invoked using a string object. The casefold() method returns a string where all the characters are lower case. This method is similar to the lower() method, but the casefold() method is stronger, more aggressive, meaning that it will convert more characters into lower case.
String count() returns occurrences of substring in string Return type of this method is int, the method is invoked using a string object and takes argument (s) or parameters. Syntax of this method is string.count(substring, int start, int end): The second and third arguments are optional. 'string' is the invoking string from where the substring will be searched. 'substring' is the string which will be searched in 'string'. 'start' indicates the index from where search will be performed and 'end' is the end index of searching. If the second and third arguments are not passed, the searching will be performed on the entire string.
boolean endswith() Checks if String Ends with the Specified Suffix Return type of this method is boolean, the method is invoked using a string object and takes argument (s) or parameters. Syntax of this method is boolean endswith(substring, int start, int end): The second and third arguments are optional. 'string' is the invoking string from where the substring will be searched. 'substring' is the string which will be searched in 'string'. 'start' indicates the index from where search will be performed and 'end' is the end index of searching. If the second and third arguments are not passed, the searching will be performed on the entire string. If the search is successful, the method returns true otherwise false. str = "this is testing"; suffix = "testing"; print str.endswith(suffix) print str.endswith(suffix,20) suffix = "is"; print str.endswith(suffix, 2, 4) print str.endswith(suffix, 2, 6) Output True True True False
String expandtabs() Replaces Tab character With Spaces The expandtabs() method returns a copy of string with all tab characters '\t' replaced with whitespace characters. Return type of this method is string, the method is invoked using a string object and may or may not take parameter while invoking the method. If the method is invoked without parameter then each '\t' will be replaced by 8 whitespace characters otherwise the number of whitespace characters will be same as the integer value passed as argument. str = 'abc\txyz' result = str.expandtabs() print(result) Output abc        xyz
String encode() returns encoded string of given string
String find() Returns the Lowest Index of Substring Return type of this method is integer, the method is invoked using a string object and takes a string, start index and end index as parameters. Second and third arguments are optional.  The method searches the argument string in the invoking string and if found, it returns the first occurrence index otherwise returns -1. If the 2nd and 3rd arguments are passed, it will search the  argument string within the specified indexes. str1 = 'Mata o mata' result = str1.find('mata') print("Substring 'mata':", result) result = str1.find('pita') print("Substring 'pita ':", result) Output 7 -1
String format() formats string into nicer output
String index()
String isalnum() Checks Alphanumeric Character Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If the invoking string contains alphanumeric characters only it returns true otherwise false. str1 = "So234MA" print(str1.isalnum()) str1 =  "So 234MA" print(str1.isalnum()) str1 =  "HiSoma" print(str1.isalnum()) str1 = "3156" print(str1.isalnum()) Output True False True True
String isalpha() Checks if All Characters are Alphabets Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If the invoking string contains alphanumeric characters only it returns true otherwise false. str1 = "So234MA" print(str1.isalpha()) str1 =  "Soma Das" print(str1.isalpha()) str1 =  "HiSoma" print(str1.isalpha()) str1 = "3156" print(str1.isalpha()) Output False False True False
String isdecimal() Checks Decimal Characters Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If the invoking string contains decimal only it returns true otherwise false. str1 = "So234MA" print(str1.isdecimal()) str1 =  "Soma Das" print(str1.isdecimal()) str1 =  "HiSoma" print(str1.isdecimal()) str1 = "3156" print(str1.isdecimal()) Output False False False True
String isdigit() Checks Digit Characters Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If the invoking string contains digits only it returns true otherwise false. str1 = "So234MA" print(str1.isdigit()) str1 =  "Soma Das" print(str1.isdigit()) str1 =  "HiSoma" print(str1.isdigit()) str1 = "3156" print(str1.isdigit()) Output False False False True
String isidentifier() Checks for Valid Identifier
String islower() Checks if all Alphabets in a String are Lowercase Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If all the alphabets in the invoking string are in lower case only it returns true otherwise false. The string may contain digits, whitespaces. str1 = "So234MA" print(str1.islower()) str1 =  "Soma Das" print(str1.islower()) str1 =  "hi soma" print(str1.islower()) Output False False True
String isnumeric() Checks Numeric Characters A numeric character may be Decimal, Digit or Numeric Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If all the alphabets in the invoking string are numeric characters, the method would return true otherwise false.
String isprintable() Checks Printable Character Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If all the characters in the invoking string are pritable characters, the method would return true otherwise false. Characters that occupies printing space on the screen are known as printable characters like letters and symbols, digits, punctuation and whitespace s = 'We can print space' print(s) print(s.isprintable()) s = '\nNew Line Character is printable' print(s) print(s.isprintable()) s = '' " print('\nEmpty string also printable', s.isprintable())
String isspace() Checks Whitespace Characters Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. If all the characters in the invoking string are space, the method would return true otherwise false. s1 = '   \t' print(s1.isspace()) s1 = ' abcd ' print(s1.isspace()) Output True False
String istitle() Checks for Titlecased String Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The method returns true if an uppercase character is followed by a lowercase character or uncased character and if an uppercase character proceeds a character that character must be an uncased character. The method returns false if no uppercase characters, if uppercase follows a lowercase character with no whitespace between the characters, if uppercase follows another uppercase with no whitespace. Whitespace is a non case character. str1 = "Master Code Online"  str1.istitle() True str1 = "master code online"  str1.istitle() False
String isupper() returns if all characters are uppercase characters Return type of this method is boolean (true or false). The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The method returns true if all the characters in the invoking string are in uppercase. The method returns false if all the characters in the invoking string are in lowercase. str1 = "Master Code Online"  str1.isupper() False str1 = "SOMA DAS"  str1.isupper() True
String join() Returns a Concatenated String Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes a string, list or tuple as argument. The join() method provides a flexible way to concatenate string. It concatenates each element of an iterable (such as list, string and tuple) to the string and returns the concatenated string. The syntax of join() is: string.join(iterable) list = ['1', '2', '3', '4'] sp = ', ' print(sp.join(list)) Output: 1, 2, 3, 4 tup = ('1', '2', '3', '4') print(sp.join(numTuple)) Output: 1, 2, 3, 4 s1 = 'abc' s2 = '123' """ Each character of s2 is concatenated to the front of s1"""  print('s1.join(s2):', s1.join(s2)) Output: s1.join(s2): 1abc2abc3 """ Each character of s1 is concatenated to the front of s2"""  print('s2.join(s1):', s2.join(s1)) Output: s2.join(s1): a123b123c
String ljust() returns left-justified string of given width Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The syntax of ljust() method is: string.ljust(width[, fillchar]) Here, fillchar is an optional parameter. The ljust() method creates 'width' number of character spaces sets the string within that space in left-justified order. If the second argument 'fillchar' is passed, it also fills the remaining space with the defined character. Example: str1 = 'India' width = 7 fillchar='#' # print left justified : print(str1.ljust(width)) Output I n d i a #   # str1 = 'India' width = 7 # print left justified : print(str1.ljust(width)) Output I n d i a
returns right-justified string of given width returns right-justified string of given width Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The syntax of rjust() method is: string.rjust(width[, fillchar]) Here, fillchar is an optional parameter. The rjust() method creates 'width' number of character spaces sets the string within that space in right-justified order. If the second argument 'fillchar' is passed, it also fills the remaining space with the defined character. Example: str1 = 'India' width = 7 fillchar='@ ' # print right justified : print(str1.rjust(width)) Output @ @ I n d i a str1 = 'India' width = 7 # print right justified : print(str1.rjust(width)) Output I n d i a
String lower() Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The lower() method returns the lowercased version of the invoking string converting all uppercase alphabets to lowercase. The characters other that alphabets remain unchanged. string = "This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty" print(string.lower()) Output: this is @dhananjoy chakraborty
String upper() Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The upper() method returns the uppercased version of the invoking string converting all lowercase alphabets to uppercase. The characters other that alphabets remain unchanged. string = "This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty" print(string.upper()) Output: THIS IS @DHANANJOY CHAKRABORTY
String swapcase() Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes no argument. The swapcase () method modifies the invoking string by converting all lowercase alphabets into uppercase and vice versa.The characters other that alphabets remain unchanged. string = "This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty" print(string.swapcase()) Output: tHIS IS @dHANANJOY cHAKRABORTY
String lstrip() Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes string as argument. The lstrip () method removes all the leading characters specified as argument from the invoking string. If not found, the string remains unchanged. string = "!!!This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty!!!" print(string.lstrip('!')) Output: This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty!!!
String rstrip() Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes string as argument. The rstrip () method removes all the trailing characters specified as argument from the invoking string. If not found, the string remains unchanged. string = "!!!This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty!!!" print(string.rstrip('!')) Output: !!!This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty
String strip() Return type of this method is string. The method is invoked using a string object and takes string as argument. The strip () method removes all the leading and trailing characters specified as argument from the invoking string. If not found, the string remains unchanged. string = "!!!This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty!!!" print(string.strip('!')) Output: This is @Dhananjoy Chakraborty
String partition() The method is invoked using a string object and takes string as argument. partition () is a Python String Method which is used to split the given string using the specified separator passed as argument and return a tuple with three arguments. This method will find out the separator from Left Hand side and once it finds the separator, it will return the string before the Separator as Tuple Item 1, Separator itself as Tuple Item 2 and remaining string as Tuple Item 3.  If the separator is not found, the method returns the invoking string as Tuple Item 1 and two blank Tuples. string = "Life is fun" print(string.partition('is ')) Output: ('Life ', 'is ', 'fun') print(string.partition('not ')) Output: ('Life is fun', '', '')
String maketrans() returns a translation table
String rpartition() Returns a Tuple
String translate() returns mapped charactered string
String replace() Replaces Substring Inside
String rfind() Returns the Highest Index of Substring
String rindex() Returns Highest Index of Substring
String split() Splits String from Left
String rsplit() Splits String From Right
String splitlines() Splits String at Line Boundaries
String startswith() Checks if String Starts with the Specified String
String title() Returns a Title Cased String
String zfill() Returns a Copy of The String Padded With Zeros
String format_map() Formats the String Using Dictionary
any() Checks if any Element of an Iterable is True
all() returns true when all elements in iterable is true
ascii() Returns String Containing Printable Representation
bool() Coverts a Value to Boolean
bytearray() returns array of given byte size
bytes() returns immutable bytes object
compile() Returns a  code object
complex() Creates a Complex Number
enumerate() Returns an Enumerate Object
filter() constructs iterator from elements which are true
float() returns floating point number from number, string
input() reads and returns a line of string
int() returns integer from a number or string
iter() returns iterator for an object
len() Returns Length of an Object
max() returns largest element
min() returns smallest element
map() Applies Function and Returns a List
ord() returns Unicode code point for Unicode character
reversed() returns reversed iterator of a sequence
slice() creates a slice object specified by range()
sorted() returns sorted list from a given iterable
sum() Add items of an Iterable
zip() Returns an Iterator of Tuples