Python Operators

 

Python Operators

Like all other programming languages, Python has different operators.

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators

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Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Operator	Name	Example
+	Addition	x + y
-	Subtraction	x - y
*	Multiplication	x * y
/	Division	x / y	x = 13 y = 3   print(x / y) Result: 4.3333333
%	Modulus	x % y	x = 5 y = 4 print(x % y) Output: 1
**	Exponentiation	x ** y	x = 2 y = 4 print(x ** y) #same as 2*2*2*2 Output: 16
//	Floor division	x // y	x = 15 y = 2   print(x // y) Output will be 7

 

 

Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
//=	x //= 3	x = x // 3
**=	x **= 3	x = x ** 3
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3
|=	x |= 3	x = x | 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3

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Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Operator	Name	Example
==	Equal	x == y
!=	Not equal	x != y
>	Greater than	x > y
<	Less than	x < y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

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Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Operator	Description	Example
and	Returns True if both statements are true	x < 5 and  x < 10
or	Returns True if one of the statements is true	x < 5 or x < 4
not	Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true	not(x < 5 and x < 10)

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Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

Operator	Description	Example
is	Returns True if both variables are the same object	x is y   x = ["Delhi", "India"] y = ["Delhi", "India"] z = x print(x is z)   # returns True because z is the same object as x   print(x is y)   # returns False because x is not the same object as y, even if they have the same content   print(x == y)   # to demonstrate the difference betweeen "is" and "==": this comparison returns True because x is equal to y
is not	Returns True if both variables are not the same object	x is not y   x = ["Delhi", "India"] y = ["Delhi", "India"] z = x   print(x is not z)   # returns False because z is the same object as x   print(x is not y)   # returns True because x is not the same object as y, even if they have the same content   print(x != y)   # to demonstrate the difference between "is not" and "!=": this comparison returns False because x is equal to y

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Python Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

Operator	Description	Example
in	Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object	x in y   x = ["Delhi", "India"]   print("India" in x)   # returns True because a sequence with the value "India" is in the list
not in	Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object	x not in y   x = ["Delhi", "India"]   print("Dhaka" not in x)   # returns false because a sequence with the value "Dhaka" is not in the list

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Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator	Name	Description
&	AND	Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
|	OR	Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^	XOR	Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~	NOT	Inverts all the bits
<<	Zero fill left shift	Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>>	Signed right shift	Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off